JUDGE JACKSON: THANK YOU FOR ALLOWING ME TO ADDRESS THAT DECISION IN THAT CASE. THE STATUTE AT ISSUE GAVE DISCRETION TO DHS TO DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF TIME THAT A PERSON NEEDED TO HAVE BEEN IN THE COUNTRY BETWEEN ZERO AND 24 MONTHS IN ORDER TO BE SUBJECT TO EXPEDITED REMOVAL AS OPPOSED TO THE NORMAL REMOVAL PROCESS IN THE IMMIGRATION SYSTEM. THE STATUTE SAID THAT DHS HAD SOLE DISCRETION MEANING NO OTHER AGENCY WAS TO HAVE THE AUTHORITY TO MAKE THAT DETERMINATION. THE STATUTE SAID THAT DHS DETERMINATION IN THAT REGARD WAS UNREVIEWABLE MEANING IT WAS FINAL. THIS IS HOW I'M INTERPRETING. MEANING THAT ONCE THE DECISION WAS MADE, IT WAS OVER. NOBODY ELSE GETS TO REVIEW, THE COURT DOESN'T GET TO SAY NO, YOU ARE WRONG IF YOU PICK 12 MONTHS FOR EXAMPLE OR 16 MONTHS OR 24 MONTHS AS THEY DID IN THIS CASE. THE STATUTE DID NOT SPEAK TO WHETHER CONGRESS INTENDED WITH THAT GRANT OF VERY BROAD DISCRETION TO EXCLUDE ANOTHER STATUTE THAT CONGRESS HAD PASSED THE DIRECTS AGENCIES WHEN CONGRESS GIVES THEM DISCRETION, THE OTHER STATUTE DIRECTS AGENCIES AS TO HOW THEY GO ABOUT MAKING DECISIONS THAT CONGRESS HAS GIVEN THEM THE AUTHORITY TO MAKE. THE APA IS PROCEDURAL STATUTE. IT SAYS TO AGENCIES WHEN CONGRESS GIVES YOU DISCRETION TO MAKE A DETERMINATION, YOU HAVE TO DO SO IN A WAY THAT IS NOT ARBITRARY AND CAPRICIOUS, YOU HAVE TO USE YOUR EXPERTISE IN CERTAIN KINDS OF DECISIONS YOU HAVE TO USE NOTICE AND COMMENT IN ORDER TO GET INFORMATION. IT IS PROCEDURAL. THE CLAIM THAT WAS BEING MADE IN THIS CASE AS I READ IT AND UNDERSTOOD IT WAS NOT THAT THE AGENCY COULDN'T PICK 24 MONTHS. BECAUSE OBVIOUSLY, CONGRESS HAS SAID YOU CAN PICK BETWEEN ZERO AND 24 MONTHS. THE CLAIM THAT WAS BEING MADE IS THAT THE AGENCY PICKED 24 MONTHS ARBITRARILY. IN VIOLATION OF CONGRESS'S DIRECTION ABOUT HOW YOU GO ABOUT. THE CLAIM WAS AN APA VIOLATION. NO ONE WAS SAYING THAT THE STATUTE WAS VIOLATED IN THE SENSE THAT THE AGENCY DID SOMETHING IT COULDN'T HAVE DONE PER THE STATUTE PICKING 24 MONTHS. THEY STATE THE APA WAS VIOLATED BECAUSE -- AS THE CLAIMED THEY WERE MAKING -- THE APA MADE NO ANALYSIS, THE AGENCY DID NO EXPERTISE, IT DID NOT EVALUATE IF YOU'VE BEEN HERE SIX MONTHS THESE ARE THE KINDS OF TIES THAT YOU HAVE, IF YOU'VE BEEN HERE 18 MONTHS -- THE AGENCY DIDN'T DO ANYTHING. ESSENTIALLY ACCORDING TO THE CLAIMANTS, THE AGENCY HEARD THE PRESIDENT SAY WE ARE NOW GOING TO DO 24 MONTHS WHEN ALL OF THE OTHER ADMINISTRATIONS -- ...